Invention and Clinical Application of an Oversleeve for Measuring Limb Volume in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer treatment, affecting 1/5 of breast cancer survivors, but there is no reliable way to detect subclinical lymphedema. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of using an oversleeve as a postoperative limb volume measurement tool in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Fifty patients were analyzed based on inclusion criteria. A body volume measurement kit was designed based on the drainage volume method and the circumference measurement method. Twenty-two normal healthy people were measured by the drainage volume (LV) and oversleeve measuring limb volume (OMLV) methods, so as to verify the accuracy of OMLV. Twenty-eight patients with lymphedema diagnosed by the circumdiameter measurement (CDM) method were measured with OMLV for comparison. The difference in measurements between OMLV and CDM was compared in 50 patients with early lymphedema diagnosed by the LV method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the sleeve method and the drainage volume method in the normal population (P = 0.74). All patients with lymphedema diagnosed by CDM met the diagnostic criteria by the OMLV method. In patients with early lymphedema diagnosed by LV, the diagnostic rate with OMLV was significantly higher than that with CDM (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Similar to LV in the diagnosis of lymphedema, OMLV can effectively improve the diagnostic rate of early lymphedema, providing a new option for the diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema.

The anthropometric and physical qualities of women's rugby league Super League and international players; identifying differences in playing position and level.

Participation in women's rugby league has been growing since the foundation of the English women's rugby league Super League in 2017. However, the evidence base to inform women's rugby league remains sparse. This study provides the largest quantification of anthropometric and physical qualities of women's rugby league players to date, identifying differences between positions (forwards & backs) and playing level (Women's Super League [WSL] vs. International). The height, weight, body composition, lower body strength, jump height, speed and aerobic capacity of 207 players were quantified during the pre-season period. Linear mixed models and effects sizes were used to determine differences between positions and levels. Forwards were significantly (p < 0.05) heavier (forwards: 82.5 ± 14.8kg; backs: 67.7 ± 9.2kg) and have a greater body fat % (forwards: 37.7 ± 6.9%; backs: 30.4 ± 6.3%) than backs. Backs had significantly greater lower body power measured via jump height (forwards: 23.5 ± 4.4cm; backs: 27.6 ± 4.9cm), speed over 10m (forwards: 2.12 ± 0.14s; backs: 1.98 ± 0.11s), 20m (forwards: 3.71 ± 0.27s; backs: 3.46 ± 0.20s), 30m (forwards: 5.29 ± 0.41s; backs: 4.90 ± 0.33s), 40m (forwards: 6.91 ± 0.61s; backs: 6.33 ± 0.46s) and aerobic capacity (forwards: 453.4 ± 258.8m; backs: 665.0 ± 298.2m) than forwards. Additionally, international players were found to have greater anthropometric and physical qualities in comparison to their WSL counterparts. This study adds to the limited evidence base surrounding the anthropometric and physical qualities of elite women's rugby league players. Comparative values for anthropometric and physical qualities are provided which practitioners may use to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of players, informing training programs to prepare players for the demands of women's rugby league.

Racial/ethnic differences in anthropometric and hormone-related factors and endometrial cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric and hormone-related factors are established endometrial cancer risk factors; however, little is known about the impact of these factors on endometrial cancer risk in non-White women. METHODS: Among 110,712 women participating in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study, 1150 incident invasive endometrial cancers were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with endometrial cancer risk for race/ethnicity and for risk factors across racial/ethnic groups were calculated. RESULTS: Having a higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline or age 21 years was strongly associated with increased risk (pint race/ethnicity ≥ 0.36). Parity (vs nulliparity) was inversely associated with risk in all the groups except African Americans (pint 0.006). Current use of postmenopausal hormones at baseline (PMH-E; vs never use) was associated with increased risk in Whites and Japanese Americans (pint 0.002). Relative to Whites, endometrial cancer risk was lower in Japanese Americans and Latinas and non-significantly higher in Native Hawaiians. Risk in African Americans did not differ from that in Whites. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer risk were not fully explained by anthropometric or hormone-related risk factors. Further studies are needed to identify reasons for the observed racial/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer risk.

Importance of measurement methods and demographic characteristics in evaluating ulnar variance: A retrospective comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare 2 methods of ulnar variance (UV) measurement (the perpendicular method and the circular method) and to determine whether UV changed based on the demographic characteristics (sex and age). METHODS: UV was measured on bilateral wrist radiographs of 124 patients (62 men, 62 women; mean age=48.5 years; range=18-79 years) who had no history of trauma, congenital wrist anomaly, previous wrist surgery, and wrist osteoarthritis by a single radiologist with 4 years of experience. All measurements were made on standardized radiographic images using 2 methods: the perpendicular method and the circular method. All the patients were then divided into groups based on sex and age, and the study population was determined by selecting a similar number of patients for each sex and age group. RESULTS: The mean UV of the right and left wrists was measured as 0.33 (range=-4.3 to 5.7) mm by the perpendicular method and as 0.034 (range=-5 to 5.7) mm by the circular method. A significant difference was determined between the 2 measurement methods (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between sex and UV values in the left wrist measurements by both methods (p<0.05). A significant correlation was found between the UV and age in both right and left side measurements, indicating a statistically significant difference between the methods (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated significant differences in the UV measurement between the 2 methods. Furthermore, UV measurement may change based on age and sex. These differences should be considered in the treatment planning of patients with wrist disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, Therapeutic Study.

Anthropometric study as a predictor of anterior cruciate ligament sizes in Asian Indonesian population.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether anthropometric data can predict anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sizes on magneti resonance imaging (MRI) in Asian population. BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of ACL has been performed over a decade ago. Recently, more individualized ACL reconstruction is performed taking account of each patient's ACL characteristics. However, there has been limited study regarding ACL sizes in Asian Indonesian population. This study aimed to evaluate the role of anthropometric data in ACL sizes using MRI in Asian Indonesian population. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Study. METHOD: A series of 531 knees from 420 patients with knee pain and intact ACL confirmed by MRI study. Length, width and inclination angle of ACL were measured using a T2-weighted sagittal MRI 3.0 Tesla Magnetom Skyra. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and age were recorded. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine relationship between the anthropometric data and size of ACL measurements. RESULT: ACL length and width were significantly different between male and female, consecutively. Mean ACL length was 35.36 ± 3.63 mm, male was significantly longer (36.59 ± 3.24 mm) compared to female (32.77 ± 2.99 mm), p < 0.0001. Mean ACL width was 10.23 ± 1.84 mm, male was significantly wider (10.85 ± 1.59 mm) compared to female (8.93 ± 1.64 mm), p < 0.0001. The mean ACL inclination angle was 47.75° ± 3.07° (range 40.17°-57.12°). The strongest correlation for ACL length was height and weight (r = 0.437; r = 0.341 consecutively, p < 0.0001). Females had stronger correlation compared to males for ACL length (R2 = 0.489 vs R2 = 0.418). ACL width showed weak correlation with anthropometric data. The following regression analysis equation was obtained for ACL length: ACL length = 60.697 - 0.11*age + 0.461*weight (kg) - 16.522*height (meter) - 1.093*BMI (R2 = 0.539; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Anthropometric data can be utilized as a predictor of ACL length in Asian Indonesian population. The ACL length in Asian Indonesian population is shorter than that in Western population study.

Comparación de biomarcadores de primer trimestre en gestantes normotensas según su grado de obesidad en el tercer trimestre / Comparison of first trimester biomarkers in normotensive pregnancies according to their level of obesity in the third trimester

INTRODUCCIÓN: Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo aumentar la eficiencia del cribado de aneuploidías del primer trimestre de la gestación mediante la creación de modelos predictivos que sirvan para identificar gestantes en riesgo de desarrollar sobrepeso u obesidad en el tercer trimestre e instaurar medidas preventivas de obesidad a partir de ellos. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional de tipo ambispectivo realizado en atención primaria, en el que se han recogido un total de 380 registros correspondientes a otros tantos embarazos. Se han muestreado 6 centros de salud con las variables siguientes: edad en la gestación, proteína A placentaria asociada al embarazo (PAPP-A) (mU/ml), gonadotropina coriónica humana (b-HCG) (ng/ml), semana de recogida de la muestra para el cribado de primer trimestre, índice de masa corporal (IMC) a las 12 y a las 28 semanas de gestación, TSH a las 12 semanas de gestación, presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM) a las 12 y a las 28 semanas de gestación. Se recodificó la variable IMC a las 28 semanas, clasificando a las embarazadas en peso normal (IMC<25), sobrepeso (IMC 25-29,99) y obesas (IMC≥30). El IMC a las 28 semanas recodificada fue la variable resultado del modelo de regresión logística ordinal. Utilizamos el estudio ANOVA de varios factores para discernir diferencias entre las presiones arteriales. Se aceptó un error alfa del 5%. RESULTADOS: Las medianas de la PAPP-A y de b-HCG medidas en el primer trimestre son menores de manera progresiva en los grupos de gestantes con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad observadas en el tercer trimestre. Estos valores son predictores del peso en el tercer trimestre (regresión logística ordinal) (PAPP-A: p = 0,022; b-HCG: p = 0,002). Ninguna gestante desarrolló preeclampsia. Las PAS, PAD y PAM en el tercer trimestre fueron significativamente diferentes (ANOVA de varios factores; p < 0,05). DISCUSIÓN: La regresión logística ordinal demuestra que la disminución de los valores observada de PAPP-A y de b-HCG en el primer trimestre es predictora del grado de obesidad de forma significativa y gradual en una muestra de gestantes normotensas. No hemos querido confeccionar un modelo de regresión ordinal incluyendo el IMC de las 12 semanas por la colinealidad interna que aportaría al estar basada la variable resultado en él. El efecto predictor de la b-HCG es más homogéneo que el de la PAPP-A para el estado de sobrepeso y obesidad

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to improve the efficiency of aneuploidy screening in the first trimester of pregnancy by creating predictive models that serve to identify pregnant women at risk of becoming overweight or obese in the third trimester and to using them to implement preventive measures of obesity. METHODS: An ambispective, observational, primary care study was conducted in which a total of 380 records corresponding to as many pregnancies were collected. Samples were collected from patients of 6 health centres, in order to determine the following variables: age at gestation, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) (mU/ml), human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) (ng/ml), sample collection week for first trimester screening, body mass index at 12 and 28 weeks gestation (BMI), TSH at 12 weeks gestation, and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively) at 12 and 28 weeks gestation. The BMI variable was recoded at 28 weeks, classifying pregnant women as normal weight (BMI<25), overweight (BMI 25-29.99), or obese (BMI≥30). The recoded BMI at 28 weeks was the variable resulting from the ordinal logistic regression model. An ANOVA study of several factors was used to discern differences between arterial pressures. A 5% alpha error was accepted. RESULTS: The PAPP-A and b-HCG medians measured in the first trimester are progressively lower in the groups of pregnant women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity observed in the third trimester. These values are predictors of the weight in the third trimester (ordinal logistic regression) (PAPP-A: P=.022; b-HCG: P=.002). No pregnant woman developed pre-eclampsia. The SBP, DBP, and MBP in the third trimester were significantly different (ANOVA in several factors; P<.05). DISCUSSION: The ordinal logistic regression demonstrates that the decrease in the observed values of PAPP-A and b-HCG in the first trimester is a predictor of the level of significant and gradual obesity in a sample of normotensive pregnant women. An ordinal regression model including the 12-week BMI was not made due to the internal collinearity that it would provide if the result variable was based on it. The predictive effect of b-HCG is more homogeneous than that of PAPP-A for the level of overweight and obesity

Effect of somatometric parameters on the prevalence and severity of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Published studies have shown contradictory results regarding the relationship between somatometric parameters and varicoceles. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the possible effects of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the presence and severity of varicoceles. METHODS: Databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Two researchers independently identified eligible articles and extracted data. Cochran's Q statistic and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed using StataSE 12.0 software (StataCorp LP, USA). Random-effects models were used to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS: The search strategy produced 272 articles, of which 18 articles were eligible according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 56,325 patients with varicocele and 1,334,694 patients without varicocele were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of somatometric parameters on the presence and severity of varicocele. The overall results demonstrated that the presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height (WMD = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.74, P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with BMI (WMD = - 1.35, 95% CI = -1.67 to - 1.03, P < 0.001) but not with age (WMD = -0.93, 95% CI = -2.19 to 0.33, P = 0.149) or weight (WMD = 0.24, 95% CI = -2.24 to 2.72, P = 0.850). The severity of varicocele was inversely correlated with increased BMI but not with age. CONCLUSION: The presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height and inversely correlated with BMI.

Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat in relation to health care use in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with increased health care use (HCU), but it is unclear whether this is consistent across all measures of adiposity. The objectives were to compare obesity defined by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and percent body fat (%BF), and to estimate their associations with HCU. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Baseline data from 30,092 participants aged 45-85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were included. Measures of adiposity were recorded by trained staff and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 for all participants and WC ≥ 88 cm and ≥102 cm, WHR ≥ 0.85 and ≥0.90, and %BF > 35% and >25% (measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) for females and males, respectively. Self-reported HCU in the past 12 months was collected for any contact with a general practitioner, specialist, emergency department, and hospitalization. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) compared each measure to %BF-defined obesity, the reference standard. Relative risks (RR) and risk differences (RD) adjusted for age, sex, education, income, urban/rural, marital status, smoking status, and alcohol use were calculated, and results were age- and sex-stratified. RESULTS: Obesity prevalence varied by measure: BMI (29%), WC (42%), WHR (62%), and %BF (73%). BMI and WC were highly correlated with %BF (r ≥ 0.70), while WHR demonstrated a weaker relationship with %BF, with differences by sex (r = 0.29 and r = 0.46 in females and males, respectively). There were significantly increased RR and RD for all measures and health care services, for example, WC-defined obesity was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.28-1.54 and RD per 100: 2.6, 95% CI:1.9-3.3). Age-stratified results revealed that older adult groups with obesity demonstrated weak or no associations with HCU. CONCLUSIONS: All measures of adiposity were positively associated with increased HCU although obesity may not be a strong predictor of HCU in older adults.

Leg muscle cross-sectional area measured by ultrasound is highly correlated with MRI.

BACKGROUND: The leg muscles are important for balance, posture, and movement during static and dynamic activity. Obtaining cross-sectional area measurements (CSA) of the leg muscles helps researchers understand the health and force production capability of individual leg muscles. Therefore, having an easy to use and readily available method to assess leg muscle CSA is needed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude, repeatability, and validity of CSA measurements of select leg muscles from ultrasound (US) and the current gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: 20 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Each participant was imaged via US and MRI. The muscles of interest obtained on each participant consisted of the tibialis anterior at both 30 and 50% of the shank length, tibialis posterior at both 30 and 50% of the shank length, the flexor digitorum longus, the fibularis (peroneus) longus, and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis. RESULTS: Strong Pearson correlations were seen for all of the muscles when comparing US to MRI with a range from .7840 to .9676. For all measurements, standard error of the measurement ranged from .003 to 0.260 cm2. Minimum detectable difference for muscle measurements ranged from .008 cm2 for MRI fibularis longus and fibularis brevis to .693 cm2 for MRI of tibialis anterior at 30%. US minimum detectable difference ranged from .125 cm2 for the tibialis posterior muscle at 30% to .449 cm2 for the tibialis anterior muscle at 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results ultrasound is a valid method to obtain CSA of muscles of the leg when compared with MRI.

Variation in very preterm extrauterine growth in a European multicountry cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) among very preterm infants is related to poor neurodevelopment, but lack of consensus on EUGR measurement constrains international research. Our aim was to compare EUGR prevalence in a European very preterm cohort using commonly used measures. DESIGN: Population-based observational study. SETTING: 19 regions in 11 European countries. PATIENTS: 6792 very preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestational age (GA) surviving to discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We investigated two measures based on discharge-weight percentiles with (1) Fenton and (2) Intergrowth (IG) charts and two based on growth velocity (1) birth weight and discharge-weight Z-score differences using Fenton charts and (2) weight-gain velocity using Patel's model. We estimated country-level relative risks of EUGR adjusting for maternal and neonatal characteristics and associations with population differences in healthy newborn size, measured by mean national birth weight at 40 weeks' GA. RESULTS: About twofold differences in EUGR prevalence were observed between countries for all indicators and these persisted after case-mix adjustment. Discharge weight <10th percentile using Fenton charts varied from 24% (Sweden) to 60% (Portugal) and using IG from 13% (Sweden) to 43% (Portugal), while low weight-gain velocity ranged from 35% (Germany) to 62% (UK). Mean term birth weight strongly correlated with both percentile-based measures (Spearman's rho=-0.90 Fenton, -0.84 IG, p<0.01), but not Patel's weight-gain velocity (rho: -0.38, p=0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Very preterm infants have a high prevalence of EUGR, with wide variations between countries in Europe. Variability associated with mean term birth weight when using common postnatal growth charts complicates international benchmarking.

Relationship Among Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Subjects with Obesity.

BACKGROUND: There is moderate-to-high evidence that the Mediterranean diet prevents increases in body weight and waist circumference in non-obese individuals, but less is known about its effects in overweight and obese subjects. The present study was focused on exploring the cross-sectional association among the adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the most commonly used variables of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of overweight subjects from a typical Mediterranean region, Apulia, in Southern Italy. METHODS: The study was performed in a cohort of 1214 individuals, all overweight or obese but with no other clinical condition. We investigated the association with adherence to a Mediterranean diet, assessed using the PREDIMED score, and anthropometric parameters [namely body mass index (BMI), WC, waist to height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC)], fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, uric acid and lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol), and blood pressure and insulin resistance, measured by HOMA-IR. RESULTS: The waist to height ratio was negatively associated with a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04), whereas HDL cholesterol was positively associated with a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that body fat distribution and HDL-cholesterol are the parameters most strongly influenced by MedDiet in Apulian subjects.

Asociación entre sobrepeso/obesidad y estado clínico en artritis reumatoide / Association between overweight/obesity and clinical activity in rheumatoid arthritis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La asociación entre la presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y el estado clínico de la artritis reumatoide (AR) es un tema aún no resuelto. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre el tipo de composición corporal y el estado clínico en pacientes con AR. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo y transversal que incluyó a 123 pacientes (98,4% mujeres, 86,3% FR+, 9,3±8,7 años de duración) con AR (criterios ACR/EULAR 2010) en quienes se determinó actividad inflamatoria (DAS 28), estado funcional (HAQ-Di) y tipo de tratamiento; además, el tipo de composición corporal evaluada por IMC, circunferencias de cintura, cadera y brazo medio, índice cintura/cadera, plicometría y bioimpedancia eléctrica. RESULTADOS: Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC-OMS) fueron del 30,9% y del 45,5%. Cuando se reclasificaron mediante los puntos de corte de Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, las prevalencias aumentaron a 31,7 y 58,5%, respectivamente. Con este criterio, los pacientes con sobrepeso/obesidad tuvieron más articulaciones inflamadas que los pacientes con composición corporal subnormal/normal (3,8±3,3 vs. 1,9±2,5; p = 0,02). El conteo de articulaciones inflamadas mostró correlación positiva significativa con 6 de 11 métodos antropométricos: IMC, circunferencia de brazo y cadera, pliegue tricipital y porcentaje de grasa corporal (determinado por bioimpedancia eléctrica y plicometría). CONCLUSIONES: El sobrepeso y la obesidad se asociaron a mayor actividad inflamatoria caracterizada por mayor cantidad de articulaciones inflamadas. Encontramos correlación positiva significativa entre el número de articulaciones inflamadas y la mayoría de los indicadores de masa grasa corporal estudiados. La evaluación y optimización de la composición corporal podría llegar a ser una parte importante para el abordaje clínico de pacientes con AR

INTRODUCTION: The effect of overweight/obesity on clinical status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still a controversial topic. AIM: To assess the association between body composition and clinical status in RA patients. METHODS: A prospective, comparative, cross-sectional study was performed on 123 (98.4% women, 86.3% FR+, 9.3±8.7 duration years) RA patients diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria who were assessed for inflammatory activity (DAS 28), functional status (HAQ-Di), and type of treatment. Body composition was evaluated by BMI, waist, hip, and middle arm girths, waist/hip ratio, skin fold measurements, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI-WHO cut-off points) was 30.9% and 45.5% respectively. Using Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou cut-off points, each corresponding prevalence increased to 31.7% and 58.5%, respectively. Pooled patients in the overweight/obesity classification (Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou classification) exhibited a significantly higher number of swollen joints as compared to subnormal/normal body composition subjects (3.8±3.3 vs. 1.9±2.5; p=.02). Swollen joint count showed significant positive correlation with 6 out of 11 body composition parameters: BMI; arm and hip girths, triceps skin fold, body fat average determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and skin fold measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity in RA varies according to BMI cut-off points. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher inflammatory activity characterized by a higher count of tender and swollen joints. A positive correlation was found between swollen joint amount and the majority of the body fat mass indicators assessed. Body composition assessment/improvement should be an important part of the routine care of RA patients

Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento físico de 16 semanas sobre el peso, el IMC y la aptitud física en cadetes / Effects of a 16-week physical training program on weight, BMI and physical fitness in cadets / Efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico de 16 semanas sobre peso, IMC e condicionamento físico em cadetes

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento físico de 16 semanas sobre el peso, el IMC y la aptitud física en cadetes. MÉTODO: Cincuenta cadetes pertenecientes al Instituto Estatal de Ciencias Penales y Seguridad Pública del Estado de Sinaloa (México) fueron divididos en dos grupos: grupo de ejercicio (n = 36, media de 26.1 años) y grupo control (n = 14 media, de 26.7 años). Se determinaron el peso y el Índice de Masa Corporal como medida corporal y el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno, fuerza abdominal, flexo-extensión del codo y velocidad en 40m. para la aptitud física. Se realizaron evaluaciones antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento físico de 16 semanas. RESULTADOS: Los cadetes presentaron aceptables ganancias en el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno, fuerza abdominal, fuerza flexo-extensora del codo y velocidad de carrera tras el entrenamiento, pero el peso y el Índice de Masa Corporal pesar que se obtuvieron mejoras tras el periodo de entrenamiento estas mejoras no difieren significativamente del grupo control. El grupo control no mostró cambios en ninguna variable estudiada. CONCLUSIONES: Un programa de entrenamiento físico de 16 semanas mejora todos los componentes de la aptitud física, pero el peso y el Índice de Masa Corporal presentaron ligeras modificaciones

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a 16-week physical training program on weight, Body Mass Index and physical fitness in cadets. METHOD: Fifty cadets belonging to the State Institute of Criminal Sciences and Public Security of the State of Sinaloa (Mexico) divided into two groups: exercise group (n = 36, mean of 26.1 years) and control group (n = 14, mean of 26.7 years). Weight and Body Mass Index were measured as body measurements and Maximal Oxygen Uptake, abdominal strength, flexion-extension of the elbow and speed in 40m. for physical fitness. Evaluations were conducted before and after a 16-week physical training program. RESULTS: The cadets had acceptable gains in Maximal Oxygen Uptake, abdominal strength, flexion-extensor elbow strength and running speed after training, but the weight and the Body Mass Index, although improvements were obtained after the training period, these improvements do not differ significantly from the control group. The control group did not show changes in any variable studied. CONCLUSIONS: A 16-week physical training program improved all components of physical fitness, but the weight and the Body Mass Index showed slight modifications

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico de 16 semanas sobre peso, Índice de Massa Corporal e aptidão física em cadetes. MÉTODO: Cinquenta cadetes pertencentes ao Instituto Estadual de Ciências Criminais e Segurança Pública do Estado de Sinaloa (México) divididos em dois grupos: grupo de exercícios (n = 36, média de 26.1 anos) e grupo de controle (n = 14, média de 26.7 anos). Peso e Índice de Massa Corporal foram medidos como medidas corporais e Máxima Absorção de Oxigênio, força abdominal, flexo-extensão do cotovelo e velocidade em 40m. para aptidão física. As avaliações foram realizadas antes e depois de um programa de treinamento físico de 16 semanas. RESULTADOS: Os cadetes tiveram ganhos aceitáveis de Máxima Absorção de Oxigênio, força abdominal, força de flexão-extensor do cotovelo e velocidade de corrida, mas pequenas melhorias no peso e no Índice de Massa Corporal após o programa de treinamento após o treinamento, mas o peso e o Índice de Massa Corporal, embora as melhorias tenham sido obtidas após o período de treinamento, essas melhorias não diferem significativamente do grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Um programa de treinamento físico de 16 semanas melhorou todos os componentes da aptidão física, mas o peso e o Índice de Massa Corporal mostraram pequenas modificações

Escore contínuo de risco metabólico em escolares com diferentes níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória / Índice de riesgo metabólico en escolares con diferentes niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria / Students' continuous metabolic risk score with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

OBJETIVO: Comparar o escore de risco metabólico em escolares com diferentes níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado com escolares, no município de Santa Cruz do Sul (Brasil). Foram convidados alunos de 25 escolas públicas e privadas do município, que apresentassem idade entre 7 e 17 anos com termo de autorização assinado pelos pais/responsáveis. A amostra final foi composta por 1250 crianças e adolescentes. Foi realizada coleta de sangue para análise do perfil lipídico. Foi avaliada a pressão arterial, a circunferência da cintura e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. O escore de risco metabólico foi calculado por meio da soma do escore Z dos seguintes parâmetros: circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial sistólica, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, colesterol LDL e colesterol HDL. Os dados foram expressos de forma contínua, sendo que, quanto maior o valor do escore de risco metabólico, maior o risco metabólico. RESULTADOS: Observa-se, em ambos os sexos, uma diminuição do escore de risco metabólico com o aumento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dessa forma, escolares no 5º quintil, os quais apresentam maiores níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, possuem menor risco metabólico. Entre os meninos, observou-se diferença significativa entre o 1º quintil com o 2º (p = 0.037), 4º (p = 0.009) e 5º quintil da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (p < 0.001), com uma diferença média de 0.56 para este último. Entre as meninas, o escore de risco metabólico foi significativamente diferente na comparação do 1º quintil da aptidão cardiorrespiratória para o 5ª quintil (p = 0.018). CONCLUSÃO: Escolares com baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória apresentam maior escore de risco metabólico, tanto entre os meninos, quanto nas meninas

OBJETIVO: Comparar el índice de riesgo metabólico en escolares con diferentes niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, realizado con escolares del municipio de Santa Cruz do Sul (Brasil). Se estudiaron alumnos de 25 escuelas públicas y privadas de dicho municipio, de edades comprendidas entre 7 y 17 años en posesión de consentimiento informado firmado por los padres o tutores. La muestra final fue compuesta por 1250 niños y adolescentes. Se realizó la extracción de sangre para el análisis del perfil lipídico. Se evaluó la presión arterial, la circunferencia de la cintura y la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. El índice de riesgo metabólico se calculó mediante la suma de la puntuación Z de los siguientes parámetros: circunferencia de la cintura, presión arterial sistólica, triglicéridos, colesterol total, colesterol LDL y colesterol HDL. Los datos fueron expresados como variable continua, siendo que, cuanto mayor era el índice de riesgo metabólico, mayor se considera el riesgo metabólico. RESULTADOS: Se observa, en ambos sexos, una disminución del índice de riesgo metabólico con el aumento de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. De esta forma, escolares en el 5º quintil, los cuales presentan mayores niveles de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, poseen menor riesgo metabólico. En los niños, se observó una diferencia significativa entre el primer quintil con el 2º (p = 0.037), 4º (p = 0.009) y 5º quintil de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (p <0.001), con una diferencia media de 0.56 para este último. Entre las niñas, el índice de riesgo metabólico fue significativamente diferente en comparación del primer quintil de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria para el quinto quintil (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIÓN: Los escolares con baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria presentan mayor índice de riesgo metabólico, tanto entre los niños, como en las niñas

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic risk score in schoolchildren with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. METHOD: A cross - sectional, retrospective study carried out with schoolchildren in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul (Brazil). Students from 25 public and private schools in the municipality were invited, who were aged between 7 and 17 years with an authorization signed by parents / guardians. The final sample consisted of 1250 children and adolescents. Blood sampling was performed to analyze the lipid profile. Blood pressure, waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated. The metabolic risk score was calculated by summing the Z score of the following parameters: waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The data were expressed continuously, and the higher the metabolic risk score, the greater the metabolic risk. RESULTS: In both sexes, a decrease of metabolic risk score was observed with the increase of the cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, schoolchildren in the 5th quintile, who have higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, have lower metabolic risk. Among the boys, there was a significant difference between the 1st quintile and the 2nd quintile (p = 0.037), 4th (p = 0.009) and 5th quintile of the cardiorespiratory fitness (p <0.001), with a mean difference of 0.56 for the latter. Among girls, metabolic risk score was significantly different in the comparison of the first quintile of the cardiorespiratory fitness to the fifth quintile (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren with low cardiorespiratory fitness have higher metabolic risk scores, both among boys and girls

Resistencia intermitente y rendimiento en el Yo-Yo test en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol y aplicación de la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo en el control del entrenamiento / Intermittent resistance and performance in Yo-Yo test in young soccer players and application of the subjective perception of effort in training control / Resistência e desempenho intermitente no teste de ioiô em jovens jogadores de futebol e aplicação da percepção subjetiva de esforço no controle do treinamento

OBJETIVO: Calcular el consumo máximo de oxígeno a través de un test de campo submáximo (Yo-Yo de recuperación intermitente I) y valorar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y la percepción del grado de recuperación entre jugadores y sus diferentes posiciones en el campo. MÉTODO: 32 jugadores de fútbol masculino de 1ª División Andaluza Sub 15, realizaron el test de campo Yo-Yo de recuperación intermitente I para calcular el consumo máximo de oxígeno, posteriormente se registró la percepción de los esfuerzos y la frecuencia cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Diferentes pruebas t comparando los datos obtenidos mostraron tan sólo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia cardíaca tras recuperación de 1' entre centrocampistas vs delanteros, t(10)= 3.04, p < 0.03, d= 1.18. Además, se encontró una correlación entre los datos promediados de la frecuencia cardíaca a velocidad aeróbica máxima y los datos promediados de la percepción del grado de recuperación. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos datos indican un mejor comportamiento cardiovascular en los centrocampistas, coincidiendo con lo datos existentes en la literatura

OBJECTIVE: Calculate the maximum oxygen consumption during physical effort in a submaximal field test (Intermittent Recovery Yo-Yo I) and obtain subjective perception of effort and perception of degree of recovery between the different positions occupied by youth soccer's on the field. METHOD: 32 male soccer players from the 1st Andalusian Division U15. The maximum oxygen consumption was calculated using the Intermittent Recovery Yo-Yo I field test, consequently efforts perception and heart rate was recorded. RESULTS: Different t-test comparing the data obtained, only reflected significant differences between midfielders vs. forwards in heart rate after of 1' recovery, t (10) = 3.04, p < 0.03, d=1.18. In addition, we found a positive correlation in heart rate at maximum aerobic velocity and perception of degree of recovery data. CONCLUSIONS: The data show a better cardiovascular performance in midfielders coincided with literature

OBJETIVO: Calcular o consumo máximo de oxigênio através de um teste de campo submáximo (Recuperação intermitente Yo-Yo I) e avaliar a percepção subjetiva do esforço e a percepção do grau de recuperação entre jogadores e suas diferentes posições em campo. MÉTODOS: 32 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino da 1ª Divisão da Andaluzia Sub 15 realizaram o teste de campo Recuperação intermitente Yo-Yo I para calcular o consumo máximo de oxigênio, posteriormente foram registradas a percepção de esforços e a frequência cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Diferentes testes t comparando os dados obtidos mostraram apenas diferenças significativas na frequência cardíaca após a recuperação de 1' entre os médios e os avançados, t (10) = 3.04, p <0.03, d = 1.18. Além disso, foi encontrada uma correlação entre os dados médios do frequência cardíaca para o velocidade aeróbica máxima e os dados médios do percepção do grau de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados indicam melhor comportamento cardiovascular em médios, coincidindo com o que existe na literatura

Efeito do treinamento de força sobre a aptidão física em pós - bariátricos: revisão sistemática / Efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la aptitud física tras cirugía bariátrica: revisión sistemática / Effect of strength training on fitness in pos - bariatric: systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia bariátrica tem efeito na redução de peso. O exercício físico apresenta relação positiva sobre os aspectos fisiológicos para indivíduos pós-bariátricos. No entanto, o efeito do treinamento de força e sua aplicação no pós-operatório permanecem obscuros. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática dos efeitos do treinamento de força sobre os aspectos fisiológicos em indivíduos pós-bariátricos. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa foi conduzida em bases de dados, seguindo em conformidade com os critérios do PRISMA. Os estudos incluídos foram avaliados utilizando a escala PEDro. A pontuação do Kappa de Cohen avaliou o nível de concordância. RESULTADOS: Sete estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Os períodos de duração das intervenções e indivíduos avaliados foram homogêneos. Os estudos demonstraram melhoras significativas para as variáveis de aptidão física. No entanto, foram identificadas descrições inconsistentes na sessão de treinamento, dificultando a orientação prática adequada. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos reportaram efeitos positivos sobre as variáveis analisadas

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía bariátrica tiene efecto en la reducción de peso. El ejercicio físico presenta relación positiva sobre los aspectos fisiológicos para individuos posbariátricos. Sin embargo, el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza y su aplicación en el posoperatorio permanecen obscuros. OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sistemática de los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre aspectos fisiológicos en sujetos posbariátricos. MÉTODOS: Una búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en bases de datos, siguiendo los criterios del PRISMA. Los estudios incluidos fueron evaluados utilizándose la escala PEDro. La puntuación del Kappa de Cohen evaluó el nivel de acuerdo. RESULTADOS: Siete estudios fueron incluidos en la revisión. Los periodos de duración de las intervenciones e individuos evaluados fueron homogéneos. Los estudios demostraron mejoras significativas a las variables de aptitud física. Pero, fueron identificadas descripciones inconsistentes en la sesión de entrenamiento, obstaculizando la orientación de la práctica adecuada. CONCLUSIÓN: Los estudios reportaron efectos positivos sobre las variables analizadas

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery has an effect on reducing body weight. Physical exercise has a positive relation on the physiological aspects for post-bariatric individuals. However, the effect of strength training and its application in the postoperative period remain obscure. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to perform a systematic review of the effects of strength training on the physiological aspects in post-bariatric subjects. METHODS: A survey was conducted in databases, following the PRISMA criteria. The included studies were evaluated using the PEDro scale. Cohen's kappa score assessed the level of agreement. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the review. The duration of the interventions and individuals evaluated were homogeneous. Studies have shown significant improvements for physical fitness variables. However, inconsistent descriptions were identified in the training session, hindering proper practice guidance. CONCLUSION: The studies reported positive effects on the analyzed variables

Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants on anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons' camps in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS: this cross-sectional study involved 317 mother-child (0-59 months) pairs selected using two-stage simple random sampling technique. Information on socio-demographic, care practices (infant feeding, immunization, deworming) and anthropometric characteristics of index children was obtained using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and length/height were assessed using standard procedure and analysed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. RESULTS: median age was 24 months, 50.8% were male and 42.3% were delivered at health facility. Only 45.4% were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% were fed complementary foods too early, 45.4% were dewormed in the preceding six months and 43.9% had complete/up-to-date immunisation. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 42%, 41% and 29.3%, respectively. Poor anthropometric indices were higher among male than female children, except wasting. Having good anthropometric index was 2.5 times higher among children <12 months than children ≥37 months (CI: 1.08-5.8), 2.4 times higher among 1st birth order than 5th orders (CI: 0.19-0.93), 1.7 times higher among female than male children (CI: 1.08-2.82). CONCLUSION: malnutrition is a major health problem among under-five children in internally displaced camps and major determinants include age, birth order, gender and deworming status.

Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach to compare types of classroom furniture considering mismatches for anthropometric measures of university students.

The mismatch between students' anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions have been investigated in many countries. In Iran, collegians spend at least a quarter of the day hours at university in the sitting position, so it is essential to evaluate furniture mismatch among university students. In Iranian universities, the use of chairs with an attached table is widespread, while the study of mismatches in these chairs among the collegian community is rare. This study was aimed to compare and rank different classroom furniture types based on the mismatch between collegians' anthropometric measures and the dimensions of classroom furniture among Industrial Engineering students by developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach in an integrated Methodology. The sample consisted of 111 participants (71 males, 40 females). Ten anthropometric measures were gathered, together with eight furniture dimensions for four types of chairs. Mismatch analyses were carried out using mismatch equations, and the Simple Additive Weighting method was used as a base method to solve the decision-making problem. The results indicated that Underneath Desk Height and Seat to Desk Clearance showed the highest levels of the match, while Seat Width presents the highest levels of low mismatch. According to the results, Type 1 and Type 3 were the best current classroom furniture. The Sensitivity Analysis was performed in two ways: changing the weights of criteria in nine scenarios and comparing the results with five other MCDM methods. The proposed MCDM approach can be used widely in furniture procurement processes and educational environments.

Asociación de horas de sueño y adiposidad en niños y adolescentes del noreste de México / Association of sleep duration and adiposity in children and adolescents in northeastern Mexico

FUNDAMENTOS: Se ha identificado que el sueño es un factor de riesgo de adiposidad en la población pediátrica que procede de países de altos ingresos económicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre horas de sueño nocturno y adiposidad mediante índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de cuello (PC) en niños y adolescentes del noreste de México, país de ingresos medios. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística a partir de 746 escolares de 4 a 18 años de edad y se estimaron las tasas de posibilidad de riesgo de obesidad según IMC y PC frente a horas de sueño entre semana y fines de semana. RESULTADOS: El promedio de horas de sueño nocturno en preescolares fueron 9,1 (±1,2), en escolares 8,3 (±1,2) y adolescentes 6,21 (±1,0). Los factores asociados a adiposidad mediante PC fueron horas de sueño entre semana, edad, sexo masculino y roncar; para adiposidad por IMC fueron sexo masculino y roncar (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Existe asociación entre adiposidad del cuello con horas de sueño en días entre semana, no así con adiposidad mediante IMC. La medición del PC puede ser un enfoque innovador para determinar adiposidad y para intervenciones de prevención que ayuden a garantizar la duración adecuada del sueño en la población pediátrica

BACKGROUND: It has been identified that sleep is risk factor adiposity in the pediatric population who come from high income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the association between hours of nighttime sleep and adiposity using body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference (NC) in children and adolescents in northeastern Mexico, middle-income country. METHODS: A logistic regression analysis was carried out from 746 schoolchildren aged from 4 to 18 years and the obesity risk possibility rates by BMI and PC were estimated against sleep hours during the week and weekends. RESULTS: The average hours of nighttime sleep in preschoolers were 9.1 (±1.2), in schoolchildren 8.3 (±1.2) and adolescents 6.21 (±1.0). The factors associated with adiposity by NC were hours of sleep during the week, age, male sex and snoring; the factors for adiposity by BMI were male sex and snoring (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between adiposity of the neck with hours of sleep on weekdays, but not with adiposity by to BMI. NC measurement can be an innovative approach to determine adiposity andfor prevention interventions that help ensure adequate sleep duration in the pediatric population

Evaluación del riesgo y estado ponderal en adultos mayores institucionalizados de la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador / Nutritional risk and weight status in older adults institutionalized of Guayaquil-Ecuador

FUNDAMENTOS: Los adultos mayores requieren de evaluaciones periódicas para determinar su estado de salud. El objetivo fue evaluar el estado ponderal y riesgo nutricional de adultos mayores que se encontraban en centros gerontológicos de Guayaquil, Ecuador, en febrero de 2018. MÉTODOS: El análisis de riesgo nutricional se realizó a 479 personas a quienes se les aplicó la herramienta Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist, mientras que el análisis de estado ponderal incluyó a 465 personas a través de la medición del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Las pruebas se realizaron en 3 centros gerontológicos. RESULTADOS: Un total de 77% hombres y 81% mujeres se encontraban en un estado de riesgo nutricional grave por sus hábitos alimenticios, y un 61% de hombres y 45% de mujeres presentaron un estado ponderal normal. CONCLUSIONES: Los adultos mayores de la ciudad de Guayaquil requieren más atención por parte de los distintos gestores encargados de su salud para reducir el estado de riesgo grave en el que se encuentran actualmente, esto también tendrá incidencia para mejorar el estado nutricional que, si bien se encuentra controlado, no deja de ser un posible problema en el futuro

BACKGROUND: Older adults require periodic evaluations to determine their health status. The objectives were to evaluate the weight status and nutritional risk of elderly people in gerontological centers located in Guayaquil, Ecuador, in February 2018. METHODS: For the nutritional risk analysis 479 people were used to whom the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist tool was applied, while for the weight status analysis 465 people were used through the measurement of body mass index (BMI), the tests They were carried out in 3 centers. RESULTS: A total of 77% men and 81% women are in serious risk from their eating habits, and 61% men and 45% women have a normal weight status. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly people in Guayaquil require more attention from different managers in charge of their health, to reduce the serious risk that they're currently facing, this will also have an incidence improving the weight status that, even though is controlled, it's a possible problem in the future